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Orthopedic Equipment spans surgical instrumentation, diagnostic tools, and rehabilitation devices used to diagnose, treat, and repair musculoskeletal disorders. The list is broadly categorized into surgical instruments for bone manipulation, metallic implants for fracture fixation, power tools, and patient-recovery devices. 

1. Basic Surgical Instruments

These manually operated, stainless-steel tools are foundational for bone and soft tissue manipulation. 

• Bone Holding Forceps: Used to align, hold, and reduce fractured bone fragments securely (e.g., Verbrugge or Lewin clamps).

• Periosteal Elevators: Tools with sharp, curved tips used to strip and lift the periosteum (membrane) off the bone surface (e.g., Cobb or Freer elevators).

• Osteotomes & Chisels: Beveled instruments used with a mallet to cut or shape bone.

• Bone Rongeurs: Pliers-like instruments with cupped, sharp-edged tips used to bite out small pieces of bone or tissue.

• Curettes: Spoon-shaped instruments used to scrape out cysts, infection, or harvest bone graft material.

• Bone Levers & Retractors: Used to hold back soft tissue and expose the surgical site.

2. Fracture Fixation (Implants & Hardware)

Implanted directly into or onto the bone to stabilize fractures while they heal. 

• Bone Plates: Metal plates contoured to the bone to provide rigid internal fixation across fractures. 

• Bone Screws: Threaded fasteners of various designs (e.g., cancellous or cortical) used to hold plates, fragments, or joints together. 

• Intramedullary (IM) Nails: Solid or hollow metal rods hammered into the medullary canal (marrow cavity) of long bones like the femur or tibia for strong internal alignment. 

• Wires and Pins: Thin metal wires (e.g., Kirschner or K-wires) and thicker pins (Schanz pins) used for temporary traction or securing small bone fragments. 

• External Fixators: Scaffolding placed outside the body with pins that puncture the skin and attach directly to the bone, utilized for complex or open fractures. 

• 3. Power Equipment & Specialized Sets

Motor-driven devices and specialized instruments for heavy-duty orthopedic tasks. 

• Surgical Drills & Saws: High-speed, sterile power tools used to bore holes for screws or cut through thick bone.

• Depth Gauges & Taps: Measuring tools to determine the precise length of the screw needed and thread the hole for easier screw insertion.

• Arthroscopes: Miniature cameras and fiber-optic cables inserted through small incisions (portals) to visually inspect and repair joints like the knee or shoulder from the inside. 

• Shavers & Debriders: Motorized suction instruments used during arthroscopy to remove damaged cartilage or soft tissue.

• 4. Rehabilitation & Recovery Devices

Equipments used outside the operating room to support healing, mobility, and physical therapy.

• Braces & Orthotics: Rigid or semi-rigid supports designed to immobilize joints, correct deformities, or offload weight from injured areas.

• Casts & Splints: Plaster or fiberglass materials used to rigidly immobilize a fractured limb to promote bone union.

• Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Machines: Motorized devices that slowly and constantly move a joint (typically the knee) through its range of motion while the patient is resting to prevent stiffness post-surgery.

• Mobility Aids: Crutches, walkers, and wheelchairs designed to reduce or eliminate weight-bearing on the recovering limb.